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They: - maintain clear vision by keeping the front surface of the eye moist and comfortable
- wash away debris and waste products from the eye
- provide nutrients to the eye to keep it healthy
- carry substances that help to prevent or fight infection
The tear film normally spreads over the eye with each blink every 12 seconds. If it evaporates too quickly, or isn't produced in sufficient quantities, the eye may dry out between blinks. It varies from person to person, but most commonly: - Blurred vision
- Sore, stinging, burning or irritated eyes
- Sandy, gritty or scratchy eyes
- Foreign body sensation
- Sensation of dryness
- Persistently watery eyes
- Red eyes
- Decreased tolerance to contact lenses
Most eyes tend to become drier as they age. Other causes are: - Weather and temperature may change the evaporation of tears
- Cigarette smoke may cause irritation
- We tend not to blink as often if we are concentrating: using computers, watching television, driving or reading
- Wearing contact lenses
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy and after menopause
- Medications including antihistamines, contraceptives and anti-depressants
- Arthritis may be associated with dryness and tear film instability
Your optometrist will conduct tests, such as dye in your eyes, which investigate tear production and tear evaporation. - Ocular lubricants or tear supplements like drops for mild dry eye
- Gel or ointment for moderate or severe cases of dry eye
- Your optometrist can recommend the right tear supplement for you
- Avoid environment conditions that may aggravate the condition
- Wear wrap around sunglasses to protect your eyes from the drying wind
- Take frequent breaks when working on computer
- Blinking more frequently
- Cold compresses or bathing the eyes periodically with saline
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